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→Fluorescents
Prior to breakthroughs in the efficiency of LEDs, fluorescent lamps were the clear winners in energy efficiency. They last about 34,000 hours and have low heat output.
Fluorescents are humidity and temperature sensitive and may not work under negative -10 degrees Fahrenheit F (-23.3 C) or over 120 degrees FahrenheitF (48.8 C).
Fluorescents have electrodes at both ends of a tube coated inside with phosphor. Inside the tube, a gas contains argon and mercury vapour. A stream of electrons flows through the gas from one electrode to another. This excites the mercury atoms, giving off ultraviolet photons. In turn these excite the phosphor, giving off visible light.