45 degrees ballast comes into its own.<ref>http://www.brayyachtdesign.bc.ca/Stability.pdf</ref>
A ballast tank, found on larger vesselsand some yachts, holds water to balance the boat. <ref>http://www.bedardyachtdesign.com/articles/the-effects-of-water-ballast-on-sailboat-stability/</ref> Water can be pumped from side to side to counteract rolling. On large cargo ships travelling empty water can be pumped in to lower the centre of gravity and keep the propeller and rudder submerged.
=== Static Stability ===