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Ballast is usually placed in the keel, which acts as a lever, so you don't need as much weight below as above. The keel is filled with a high density material, such as concrete, iron, or lead. By placing the weight as low as possible in a sailboat (often in a large bulb at the bottom of the keel) the maximum righting moment can be extracted.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_ballast</ref> <ref>http://www.wavetrain.net/boats-a-gear/458-modern-sailboat-design-ballast-stability</ref> However, this will increase the [[#Roll Moment of Inertia]], which can be avoided by distributing weight instead of concentrating it. Also, removing weight from high up is more effective than adding it lower down.

Adding excessive ballast will make the roll motion more aggressive and less comfortable. Extra ballast will reduce the roll angle but the return will be snappier with a higher roll acceleration and more conducive to seasickness. <ref>http://www.kastenmarine.com/beam_vs_ballast.htm</ref> Ballast really plays a role at higher angles of heel. Once the heel angle starts to reach or exceed 45 degrees ballast comes into its own.<ref>http://www.brayyachtdesign.bc.ca/Stability.pdf</ref>