Changes

== Motion Comfort Ratio ==

Comfort factor = D/(0.65*(0.7*LWL+0.3*LOA)*B^1.33)

This Comfort Factor, developed by Ted Brewer, predicts the overall comfort of a sail boat when it is underway.<ref> Ted Brewer Yacht Design, http://www.tedbrewer.com/yachtdesign.html</ref> The formula predicts the speed of the upward and downward motion of the boat as it encounters waves and swells. Faster motion makes passengers more uncomfortable.

The higher the number, the more resistant a boat is to movement, and the more comfortable it is. Obviously bigger boats give a better ride; although the formula favours a narrow beam. Use with caution analysing power boats.

== Bulbous Bow ==

Bulbous bows were developed in the 1950’s for large cargo vessels, to improve their penetration of the water, and reduce fuel consumption. The underwater bulb creates a wave 180 degrees out of phase with the original bow wave. This cancels or reduces the bow wave. The first merchant vessel with a bulbous bow was the <i>Yamashiro Maru</i> delivered in November 1963 by the Mitsubishi Heavy-Industries, Ltd. Nagasaki Shipyard in Japan.<ref> Ripples in Time, Bulbous Bow – Introduction of wave-making resistance reduction technology, http://www.nykline.co.jp/english/seascope/200010/</ref> Today all the largest ships, including Nimitz-class aircraft carriers, have bulbs.<ref> Reagan Takes a Bow, http://www.nn.northropgrumman.com/Reagan/About_the_ship/Bow.htm</ref>