LightingDesign - Revision history

WikiSysop: /* LED */

2017-08-04T16:22:47Z

‎LED

WikiSysop: /* LED */

2017-08-04T16:21:13Z

‎LED

WikiSysop: /* LED */

2016-10-14T13:31:04Z

‎LED

WikiSysop: /* LED */

2016-10-14T13:25:59Z

‎LED

WikiSysop: /* LED */

2016-04-13T16:22:50Z

‎LED

WikiSysop: /* Utility Lighting */

2016-03-02T17:14:58Z

‎Utility Lighting

WikiSysop: /* Utility Lighting */

2016-03-02T17:09:48Z

‎Utility Lighting

WikiSysop: /* Compact Fluorescent */

2016-02-02T17:24:22Z

‎Compact Fluorescent

WikiSysop: /* Incandescent */

2016-01-13T13:32:51Z

‎Incandescent

WikiSysop: /* Energy Efficiency */

2016-01-13T13:32:19Z

‎Energy Efficiency

@@ Line 107: / Line 107: @@
 Ongoing research has dramatically improved the efficiency of LEDs; although this is only starting to appear in production versions. LED efficiency improved dramatically in 2006. Nichia Corporation of Japan demonstrated white LED prototypes with an efficiency of 113 lumens per watt. The industry target is 100 lumens per watt, which is better than fluorescent tubes. The Nichia work was partly funded by the UK Department of Trade & Industry. (White LEDs are actually blue in wavelengths of 450 nm – 470 nm.)
-However, as of December 2015 there is still wishy-washiness in the claims for LED efficiency. <ref>http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/17/leading-lightbulb-brands-making-false-claims-on-energy-efficiency</ref> <ref>https://greenwashinglamps.wordpress.com/consumer-tests-halogen/</ref> <ref>http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/can-leds-be-nearly-as-cheap-as-incandescents-by-2020</ref>
+However, as of December 2015 there is still wishy-washiness in the claims for LED efficiency. <ref>https://theconversation.com/the-scientific-reason-you-dont-like-led-bulbs-and-the-simple-way-to-fix-them-81639</ref> <ref>http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/can-leds-be-nearly-as-cheap-as-incandescents-by-2020</ref>
 In addition, LEDs produce no discernible heat and are more robust than fluorescents and incandescents. LEDs have become the lighting of choice for many marine applications.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:21, 4 August 2017
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	Now that LEDs are more competitive, manufacturers are stepping up and also rating them in lumens.		Now that LEDs are more competitive, manufacturers are stepping up and also rating them in lumens.
		+	<!--
		+	<ref>https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-scientific-reason-you-dont-like-led-bulbs-mdash-and-the-simple-way-to-fix-them/</ref>
		+	-->

	=== Fluorescents ===		=== Fluorescents ===

@@ Line 115: / Line 115: @@
 In a low voltage DC system, their driving system is simple and cheap compared to a fluorescent, which requires an oscillating ballast circuit. LEDs use a simple voltage-dropping resistor. They are tough and resistant to shock and vibration. They are safe near explosive gases and liquids. In a marine installation, use a dual-pin ungrounded LED. Until recently LEDs were rated in millicandela (mcd), as measured at the light source, not lumens. This made direct comparisons with other light types fuzzy. (One lumen is approximately 79.5 mcd.)
-Now that LEDs are more competitive, manufacturers are also stepping up and rating them in lumens.
+Now that LEDs are more competitive, manufacturers are stepping up and also rating them in lumens.
 === Fluorescents ===

@@ Line 107: / Line 107: @@
 Ongoing research has dramatically improved the efficiency of LEDs; although this is only starting to appear in production versions. LED efficiency improved dramatically in 2006. Nichia Corporation of Japan demonstrated white LED prototypes with an efficiency of 113 lumens per watt. The industry target is 100 lumens per watt, which is better than fluorescent tubes. The Nichia work was partly funded by the UK Department of Trade & Industry. (White LEDs are actually blue in wavelengths of 450 nm – 470 nm.)
-However, as of December 2015 there is still wishy-washiness in the claims for LED efficiency. <ref>http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/17/leading-lightbulb-brands-making-false-claims-on-energy-efficiency</ref> <ref>https://greenwashinglamps.wordpress.com/consumer-tests-halogen/</ref>
+However, as of December 2015 there is still wishy-washiness in the claims for LED efficiency. <ref>http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/17/leading-lightbulb-brands-making-false-claims-on-energy-efficiency</ref> <ref>https://greenwashinglamps.wordpress.com/consumer-tests-halogen/</ref> <ref>http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/can-leds-be-nearly-as-cheap-as-incandescents-by-2020</ref>
 In addition, LEDs produce no discernible heat and are more robust than fluorescents and incandescents. LEDs have become the lighting of choice for many marine applications.
@@ Line 115: / Line 115: @@
 In a low voltage DC system, their driving system is simple and cheap compared to a fluorescent, which requires an oscillating ballast circuit. LEDs use a simple voltage-dropping resistor. They are tough and resistant to shock and vibration. They are safe near explosive gases and liquids. In a marine installation, use a dual-pin ungrounded LED. Until recently LEDs were rated in millicandela (mcd), as measured at the light source, not lumens. This made direct comparisons with other light types fuzzy. (One lumen is approximately 79.5 mcd.)
-Now that LEDs are more competitive, manufacturers are also rating them in lumens.
+Now that LEDs are more competitive, manufacturers are also stepping up and rating them in lumens.
 === Fluorescents ===

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:22, 13 April 2016
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	LEDs have had a very high profile in the energy market for some time. But until recently they did very poorly in energy efficiency and were very expensive. Fluorescents were best, producing about 30-100 lumens per watt, while halogens produced 10-18, and incandescents 8-15. In 2014 mid-market colour-corrected LEDs were running 53-59 lumens per watt; while uncorrected ones were in the 80s.		LEDs have had a very high profile in the energy market for some time. But until recently they did very poorly in energy efficiency and were very expensive. Fluorescents were best, producing about 30-100 lumens per watt, while halogens produced 10-18, and incandescents 8-15. In 2014 mid-market colour-corrected LEDs were running 53-59 lumens per watt; while uncorrected ones were in the 80s.
		+
		+	[[File:LEDEfficiency.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|left\|© Department of Trade & Industry, UK Government]]

	Newer LEDs are grouped in clusters with diffuser lenses which have broadened the applications for their use. Without a difuser LEDs are very directional.		Newer LEDs are grouped in clusters with diffuser lenses which have broadened the applications for their use. Without a difuser LEDs are very directional.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:14, 2 March 2016
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	In the pilothouse, use blue-green (507 nm) or turquoise (495 nm) LEDs for night vision. Eight percent of males are red-green deficient [8], and will be groping blindly with low-level red or green night vision lights. (Women have an extra strong response to red-orange.) Even a higher percentage may have temporary alterations in perception of blue under varying conditions. Most people over 45 suffer from reduced light transmission into the eye.		In the pilothouse, use blue-green (507 nm) or turquoise (495 nm) LEDs for night vision. Eight percent of males are red-green deficient [8], and will be groping blindly with low-level red or green night vision lights. (Women have an extra strong response to red-orange.) Even a higher percentage may have temporary alterations in perception of blue under varying conditions. Most people over 45 suffer from reduced light transmission into the eye.

−	Red-green deficiency is the most common type of colour blindness (99% of cases). A genetic glitch causes the red and green sensing cones to overlap more than normal. This makes it difficult to distinguish between certain shades of green and brown, red and brown, and yellow and orange. Pinks can appear gray, purple and blue get mixed up a lot, and a green light may appear bright white.	+	Red-green deficiency is the most common type of colour blindness (99% of cases). A genetic glitch causes the red and green sensing cones to overlap more than normal. This makes it difficult to distinguish between certain shades of green and brown, red and brown, and yellow and orange. Pinks can appear gray, purple and blue get mixed up a lot, and a green light may appear bright white.<ref>http://arstechnica.com/science/2016/02/seeing-in-techicolor-one-month-wearing-enchromas-color-blindness-correcting-glasses/</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:09, 2 March 2016
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	In the pilothouse, use blue-green (507 nm) or turquoise (495 nm) LEDs for night vision. Eight percent of males are red-green deficient [8], and will be groping blindly with low-level red or green night vision lights. (Women have an extra strong response to red-orange.) Even a higher percentage may have temporary alterations in perception of blue under varying conditions. Most people over 45 suffer from reduced light transmission into the eye.		In the pilothouse, use blue-green (507 nm) or turquoise (495 nm) LEDs for night vision. Eight percent of males are red-green deficient [8], and will be groping blindly with low-level red or green night vision lights. (Women have an extra strong response to red-orange.) Even a higher percentage may have temporary alterations in perception of blue under varying conditions. Most people over 45 suffer from reduced light transmission into the eye.
		+
		+	Red-green deficiency is the most common type of colour blindness (99% of cases). A genetic glitch causes the red and green sensing cones to overlap more than normal. This makes it difficult to distinguish between certain shades of green and brown, red and brown, and yellow and orange. Pinks can appear gray, purple and blue get mixed up a lot, and a green light may appear bright white.
		+

	[[Category:ElectricalLightingGeneral]]		[[Category:ElectricalLightingGeneral]]

@@ Line 131: / Line 131: @@
 ==== Compact Fluorescent ====
-Compact fluorescent lights (CFL) are more robust than tubes. They use only a small amount of mercury, typically less than 5 mg per bulb.
+Compact fluorescent lights (CFL) are more robust than tubes. They use only a small amount of mercury, typically less than 5 mg per bulb. General Electric [http://www.gereports.com/say-goodbye-say-hello-ge-stops-making-cfls-says-go-go-go-to-leds/ will phase out CFLs] by the end of 2016.
 === Halogen ===

@@ Line 147: / Line 147: @@
 Sir Joseph Swann invented them in the 1870s; although most Americans credit Thomas Edison. Watch for improved versions using deposited carbon nanotube filaments by 2009. This may not matter since many governments are banning tungsten bulbs. Australia is targeting 2010, the USA 2012-2014.
-An experimental proof-of-concept tailored-spectrum incandescent has shown natural light at close to maximum efficiency (40%) for a luminous device.<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/12093545/Return-of-incandescent-light-bulbs-as-MIT-makes-them-more-efficient-than-LEDs.html</ref> In the device the filamant is surrounded by a cold-side nanophotonic interference system optimized to reflect infrared light and transmit visible light for a wide range of angles. It could become a light source that reaches luminous efficiencies (∼40%) surpassing existing lighting technologies, and nearing a limit for lighting applications.<ref>http://www.nature.com/nnano/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nnano.2015.309.html</ref>
+An experimental proof-of-concept tailored-spectrum incandescent has shown natural light at close to maximum efficiency (40%) for a luminous device.<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/12093545/Return-of-incandescent-light-bulbs-as-MIT-makes-them-more-efficient-than-LEDs.html</ref> In the device the filament is surrounded by a cold-side nanophotonic interference system optimized to reflect infrared light and transmit visible light for a wide range of angles. It could become a light source that reaches luminous efficiencies (∼40%) surpassing existing lighting technologies, and nearing a limit for lighting applications.<ref>http://www.nature.com/nnano/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nnano.2015.309.html</ref>
 == Application ==

@@ Line 86: / Line 86: @@
 Energy efficiency is the amount of light output generated per watt of input energy consumed. This is important because it directly affects the size of our electrical system. The main choices in types of light in order of efficiency are:
 * LEDs post-2007
 * Fluorescent
 * Halogen
-* Incandescent
+* Incandescent (Standard)
 * LEDs pre-2007
@@ Line 145: / Line 146: @@
 Sir Joseph Swann invented them in the 1870s; although most Americans credit Thomas Edison. Watch for improved versions using deposited carbon nanotube filaments by 2009. This may not matter since many governments are banning tungsten bulbs. Australia is targeting 2010, the USA 2012-2014.
 == Application ==